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60 Years of the Brotherhood in Fitzroy
Children & Families
Prevention of Youth Homelessness Project(PYHP) commenced as a response to the "Burdekin Report" (Our Homeless Children - Report of the National Inquiry into Homeless Children, HREOC 1989) - Phase 1 conducted in Dandenong & Ballarat until mid-1995 (July) (The Brotherhood of St Laurence's "Prevention of Youth Homelessness Project: Progress report 1", 30 September 1993, p.3; Strengthening attachments: how schools and community agencies can help to prevent youth homelessness).
Consultation with service users (English-speaking and Cantonese-speaking mothers) and staff of the Napier Street Child Care Service (November-December) (Note from Tim Gilley to Sue Culligan (16 December 1993) Gilley_to_Culligan_re_NapierStreetServiceUserConsultation_1993-12-16.pdf
Community Issues
BSL protest letter re closure of family planning clinics by Victorian State Government (March) (Draft letter over name of Alison McClelland, Director - Social Policy & Research (18 March 1993) McClelland_Draft_re_ClosureFamilyPlanningClinics_1993-3-18.pdf
Craigieburn Family Services (formerly known as Bulla Family Services) continued its community development work by extending its activities to include the nearby Roxburgh Park estate. As well as concerns about high levels of unemployment and transport issues, the service organised its first step-parenting course, developed to bring together the respective children of re-marrying or newly married parents (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.12).
Food for All Campaign, launched in July 1991 as a joint initiative with six other Anglican welfare agencies, was progressively wound down and replaced by food-banks run cooperatively by local agencies (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.10; BSL Internal Working Paper No.2, "Overview and History of Income Supplementation services in the Brotherhood of St Laurence (1972-1996", p.31)
Negotiations were undertaken with the Victorian Ministry of Housing in relation to the possible development of additional accommodation for low income families and single people on spare land at the rear of the Carrum Downs Settlement (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.16).
Employment & Training
In 1993 the Brotherhood operated employment & training services for a range of people who were disadvantaged in the labour market at a total cost of $5.7 million. These services were provided throughout the (then) four regions of the Brotherhood: Barwon, Central Highlands, Metropolitan and Peninsula (Christian Grieves & Helen MacDonald, "The Body Shop Linked Access Project - An evaluation" p.3, Brotherhood of St Laurence 1995).
The four-year Future of Work project commenced with the appointment of Sue Jackson, formerly Deputy Director of the Victorian Council of Social Service, as coordinator. The aim was to investigate the changes reshaping work in Australia and to explore the responses required to ensure that the Australia of the future is a fair and cohesive society (Fitz-News Issue 46, 15 December 1992; BSL Annual Report 1993 p.19; BSL Annual Report 1994 p.22).
Coolibah Catering Group, in conjunction with the BSL's Employment Action Centre, commenced a hospitality traineeship program for young people in the Coolibah kitchen (March) with an internal catering function until June. The catering service had been restructured and extended to include the provision of meals to nearby Sumner House (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.15. See also Memo from Catering Program Management Group to All Directors & Department Managers (23 June 1993) Coolibah_Catering_Program_re_Developments_1993-6-23.pdf
Labour Market Programs commenced in the Barwon Region, delivering services to unemployed people (From <http://www.stlaurence.org.au/about_history.asp> (19 Feb 2009).
Fitzroy Employment Action Centre
- suggested Vocational Investigation Days as a component of a special 6-week program for older unemployed people, focusing on occupational options and self-development.
- invited 80 agencies to be part of an information & networking day (29 September 1993)
- conducted one-month "Skills Club" courses for unemployed people registered at the Commonwealth Employment Service and between 15-20 years of age (long-term unemployed preferred). The first week took place at a camp site with life skills training "in an informal and relaxed atmosphere … followed by recreational activities". The 2nd & 3rd weeks of training took place at FEAC premises in Victoria Street, Fitzroy, focusing on job searching skills (Memo from Employment Action Centre to all Fitzroy-based Managers (12 August 1993). EAC_to_Fitzroy_Managers_re_Vocational_Investigation_Days_1993-8-12.pdf EAC_Day_for_Info&Networking_1993-9-29.pdf FEAC_Structure_1993-8.pdf
Father Tucker Shop (a catering enterprise training unemployed people for work in the hospitality industry) opened in the kitchen of the 2nd floor of 67 Brunswick Street, Fitzroy, operating Tuesday-Friday, 7.30 am - 2 pm and staffed by graduates of the hospitality training program and other EAC clients. (12 October) (Fitz-News, Issue 64, 23/9/1993 p.4. Memo from Julie London - Fitzroy Employment Action Centre (FEAC) to all staff (28 September 1993) EAC_to_Fitzroy_Staff_re_Father_Tucker_Shop_Catering_1993-9-28.pdf
Ballarat Material Aid service developed Creative Community Enterprises as a self-help skills exchange program for unemployed people which also involved them in producing goods and services for income generation (BSL Internal Working Paper No.2, "Overview and History of Income Supplementation services in the Brotherhood of St Laurence (1972-1996)", p.20).
The Provincial Communities Enterprise Project was launched in Ballarat to establish and develop community enterprises and networks, helping people gain employment by establishing small businesses in productive areas. The service was funded directly by the BSL and the Hugh D T Williamson Foundation for two years. One specific aspect of the project was the Aboriginal Employment and Enterprise Unit. This was set up (with the position of an Aboriginal Employment & Liaison Officer) in Ballarat to provide employment assistance to Aboriginal groups, to act as a link between the Brotherhood and the Aboriginal community and to work on producing significant links to employment for Aboriginal people in the community (Provincial Communities Enterprise Project (PCEP) was a local response to economic development in regional Victoria, an initiative of the Brotherhood of St Laurence, funded by the Hugh DT Williamson Foundation, a philanthropic trust. It was established in Ballarat in 1993, when the Central Highlands region of Victoria was experiencing one of the higher levels of unemployment. Brotherhood Action Summer 1994 p.1; BSL Annual Report 1994 p.11. Central_Highlands_PCEP_launch_in_Action_Summer1994.pdf Provincial_Communities_Enterprise_Project_in_Action_Winter1995.pdf
The Brotherhood was recognised as a registered training provider by the (then) State Training Board and its curricula was accredited as part of the National Training Agenda (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.7).
The Jobs, Placement, Employment & Training program (JPET) was auspiced by the BSL in Barwon (October 1993. BSL Annual Report 1994 p.10)
The BSL helped set up an innovative housing project to provide employment and training for homeless young people in Geelong. A joint initiative of Geelong City Council and the Brotherhood, other sections of the community involved include Geelong Trades Hall Council, the Building Industry Group Scheme and the Lions Club of Geelong. The project involved the conversion of a dormant inner-city warehouse into a residential complex for homeless young people. Refurbished by 12 homeless people as part of the first year of their building trades apprenticeship, they were entitled to first option on taking up residence at the newly renovated living space (Brotherhood Action Autumn 1993 p.1; Brotherhood Action Autumn 1994 p.1).
The Brotherhood's Seaford shop was turned over to young unemployed people to voluntarily run and manage, under the supervision of the Coordinator of Peninsula shops. Most of the young people had been unemployed for a year or longer and the aim of this innovative move was to help young people gain entry into retailing (Brotherhood Action Autumn 1993 p.3).
Two new Job Clubs, funded by the Federal Department of Employment, Education & Training, were launched in the Barwon Region by Bishop Michael Challen and Gavan O'Connor, MHR for Corio. Participants were helped to learn valuable job search skills and to look for jobs while on the program (Brotherhood Action Spring 1993 p.2).
Fundraising & Resources
As a follow up to the 1992 Christmas Appeals, the BSL received a cheque from the Federal Government for $210,000 as a result of the Prime Minister's pledge to match every dollar of income raised by charities over Christmas (Brotherhood Action Summer 1993 p.1).
The Donated Goods Division moved from Coolaroo to premises on the Hume Highway at Campbellfield. The move took place at the end of the financial year 1992-1993 (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.25).
A donation of $100,000 was received from the Sherwood Trust and earmarked for homeless young people (Bishop Michael Challen, Minutes of Directors' Meeting, 12 July 1993).
The continuing recession and decrease in the income from commercial activities led to the retrenchment of 34 people from the Donated Goods Division’s factory in Campbellfield. (28 October 1993) (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.6. See also letter from +Michael Challen to Consultative Committee Members (& staff) re staff cuts at Donated Goods (27 October 1993). Challen_Donated_Goods_Staff_Cuts_1993-10-27.pdf
Reappraisal was begun of Donated Goods Division and shops to examine their purpose and relationship to BSL’s mission, to report in 1994.
A 60th Anniversary Commemorative Dinner was hosted at Government House, Melbourne by His Excellency The Governor and Mrs Garvie. Attended by senior representatives of the Federal and State Governments it was "invaluable in acting as a bridge for the Brotherhood in its developing partnership with the corporate sector. As a result, the Brotherhood’s Future of Work project secured valuable financial backing." (BSL Annual Report 1994 p.24)
Fundraising ventures included a "Gala Preview Night" of the musical "42nd Street" and a card 'for all occasions' reproducing the stained glass window by Alan Sumner in the Chapel of St Laurence, Carrum Downs (Brotherhood Action Summer 1993 pp.5 & 6).
Material & Financial Support
Cadbury Red Tulip responded to the BSL's request for 150 Easter eggs with one-and-a-half pallet loads (well over 50 boxes) that were then distributed to client groups and residents across the regions, to the Mission to Streets & Lanes and St John’s Homes for Boys & Girls as well as raffle prizes! (Fitz-News Issue 53, 7 April 1993 p.4)
Whittlesea No Interest Loans Scheme (NILS) begins with capital base of $30,000 from the William Angliss Trust. At this time Whittlesea "is one of the poorest suburban areas in Victoria, with a higher than average number of families and the third highest unemployment rate in the state. Lack of services, increases in utility charges and various government cuts have combined to further disadvantage low income families and individuals living in Lalor and Thomastown which comprise the City of Whittlesea." (June) (BSL Annual Report 1993 pp.11-12. ; BSL Internal Working Paper No.2, "Overview and History of Income Supplementation services in the Brotherhood of St Laurence (1972-1996)", p.28 ).
Whittlesea (Lalor) Material Aid Service, staffed by local volunteers, opened in a separate shop staffed by volunteers as a component of a broader Emergency Relief Service (BSL Internal Working Paper No.2, "Overview and History of Income Supplementation services in the Brotherhood of St Laurence (1972-1996)", p.17).
The Sharehouse (Frankston) in its first full year of operation provided a link between material relief and community support, conducting holiday programs, family camps, community lunches, coffee mornings with guest speakers and developed a wide range of social activities. The material aid service assisted 12,341 people (3% increase on the previous year) by providing clothing, blankets and essential household items. Funds were received for operating costs of the Sharehouse from the Scobie & Claire MacKinnon Trust (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.11).
In 1991-1992 there were 29,671 requests for material aid and emergency relief and in 1992-1993 there were 38,065 similar requests (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.6).
Older People
At Broughton Nursing Home major extensions were carried out to improve the facilities for clients and the working conditions of staff and volunteers (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.16-17).
Fire in a cottage at the Tucker Settlement at 2 a.m. resulted in the tragic death of one resident, Betty Condon, and her faithful dog. (June) (Ben Bennett, "GK Tucker Settlement - An historical record 1935-1995: 60 years with the Brotherhood of St Laurence at Carrum Downs", Limited Edition, p.76).
Carinya Nursing Home in Box Hill was enlarged and renovated as part of the commitment to values outlined in the BSL's Quality of Life initiative adopted in 1990 (Brotherhood Action Autumn 1993 p.4).
12-month Review of the Brotherhood’s services for older people commenced by Jenny Trethewey (seconded from the role of BSL Social Action Coordinator) and Sally Ryan (July)
Organisational aspects (BSL)
The Brotherhood's 60-year anniversary was celebrated in a variety of ways across the BSL's regions (Brotherhood Action Spring 1993 p.4).
The 60th Anniversary of the Brotherhood in Melbourne was marked by a major celebration in Fitzroy on 18 June 1993, with a procession around the streets and the unveiling of a bronze medallion of Father Tucker on the façade of 67 Brunswick Street by the Governor-General, Bill Hayden. An "historical souvenir issue" of Brotherhood Action was produced along with “Brotherhood 60 years in Victoria” bumper stickers (Historical souvenir issue of Brotherhood Action Winter 1993. Brotherhood Action Spring 1993 p.1. The medallion of Father Tucker was created by Stanley Hammond MBE (1930-2000) to commemorate the 60th anniversary of Father Gerard Kennedy Tucker's establishment of the Brotherhood of St Laurence in Victoria. In relation to the sculptor, the following is taken from the February 2004 newsletter of Daylesford Secondary College: “Stanley Hammond MBE ... was a professional sculptor for 70 years and a past student of our school. Born at Trentham, Stanley showed artistic promise and was encouraged to attend Daylesford Technical College. He left to train with Orlando Dutton and then with Paul Montford. He created the statue of John Batman in Swanston Street (sic - it was in the National Mutual Plaza in Collins Street), the animal figures on the Zoo gates and in partnership with George Allen, the massive figures of the ‘Fallen Warrior’, the 1939-45 war memorial at the Shrine. Closer to home we have the bronze equestrian sculpture ‘From School’ in Vincent Street.” Fitz-News Issue 53, 7 April 1993). (See the letter to residents of the 3 houses that were the former Brotherhood Hostel for unemployed men in Fitzroy Street and the Order of Procession & Service).
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Outside the original Hostels set up by Father Tucker in 1933 The crowd/congregation seen from No.164 with the then
(3 houses at 160-164 Fitzroy Street, Fitzroy) Governor-General, Bill Hayden (centre front) & David Scott (left).
Click here for the booklet used in this celebration The Hon. Jim Kennan represented the Premier of Victoria
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New slogan adopted for the Brotherhood in conjunction with the 60th Anniversary : Adding Justice to Care. This motto "was intended to articulate the Brotherhood's goal of doing more than providing immediate services to people in need, by also advocating and campaigning on issues of social justice; a goal which attempts to address both the causes and effects of poverty and disadvantage in Australia" (Brotherhood Action Spring 1993 p.6; BSL Annual Report 1993 p.6).
Service liaison officer appointed to improve links between BSL research & policy work and its service delivery. A cross-regional Services Development Forum was established with service staff from each region and Social Policy & Research to critically examine new service proposals and, with a framework and criteria for service development, to develop a more strategic focus in planning for service delivery (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.21. See also Fiona Macdonald "Brotherhood of St Laurence Income Support Services - Background" 30 June 1995).
Staff Rest & Re-creation Weekends (Thursday evening to Saturday afternoon) organised by the BSL Chaplain, Father David Moore: 29 April - Avalon (focus on stress management); 6 May (focus on the "Enneagram" program); 2 September - Marysville; 30 September - Daylesford (with childcare); 18 November - Donvale; 2 December - Commonground (near Seymour, with childcare) (See entry in 1992 section for memos from or on behalf of Chaplain to Directors & Managers re Rest & Recreation Weekends (various).
Brotherhood Organisational Plan 1993-1996 presented at the Heads of Staff meeting in July.
Draft discussion document from BSL Central Highlands on feasibility of establishing a "Jobs Levy Fund" to provide, within the Brotherhood, employment and career development opportunities to young people, with the fund supported by a voluntary staff levy of 1.5% for staff earning in excess of $27,000. (August) (The fund did not eventuate.) (Draft proposal as circulated for feedback in the BSL's Metropolitan Division (25 August 1993). Central_Highlands_Proposal_re_Jobs_Levy_Fund_1993-8.pdf
The Settlement Hospital closed in September following review findings that it was no longer financially viable and was unable to provide the high-cost technical support expected of modern hospital care (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.16; Brotherhood Action Summer 1994 p.5 (No numbering). The advantages of the Settlement Private Hospital were spelt out in an article in Brotherhood Action September 1988 p.5). Settlement_Hospital_closure_1993-09-30.pdf
Sumner House, Fitzroy, underwent major renovations to improve safety and access for residents (BSL Annual Report 1994 p.19)
The Brotherhood Board established an Audit Committee to augment the monitoring of finance and administration matters provided by the Finance Committee (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.30).
The Rooming House Group (which had its genesis in the 1970s amid concerns about the need for low cost accommodation for people on low incomes) asked the BSL to take on interim management of their properties until June 1995 (not concluded until 1997). The service operated 308 rooms across 21 houses in Collingwood/Fitzroy/Richmond, with the majority being in South Fitzroy.) (BSL Metro Region Strategic Planning Working Paper" p.5; BSL Annual Report 1997 p.12) BSL_Metro_Region_Strategic_Planning_WorkingPaper_Pt1_1995-3.pdf
A major review of the Brotherhood's structure and operations - known as Directions 2000 - was commissioned by the Executive Director.
Adrian Harris, Director of the Peninsula Region, left the Brotherhood on 30 September. Having joined the BSL in 1985 and following a term as Regional Manager, he was appointed as Director in January 1991. The new Regional Director was Lesley Dredge, former Executive Officer of the Ministerial Implementation Committee on Head Injury based at the BSL and later to become BSL's Director of Community Services (See Notice of Metro vacancy following appointment of Lesley Dredge (the previous incumbent) to Regional Director - Peninsula. . See Brotherhood Action Spring 1993 p.4. Metro_Vacancy_Coordinator_AcquiredBrainDamageProject_1993-9.pdf
The Brotherhood continued to support staff and volunteers in further training and development by allocating approximately 1.5% of gross salary to relevant training activities. In 1992-1993 training for about 350 people covered aged and family care, administration, health and welfare studies, computer operations, customer service, the continuation of the Quality of Life program, and skills for service and administration managers. Some internal programs were attended by non-Brotherhood staff from other agencies. The program of Orientation days continued (Brotherhood Annual Report 1993 p.28).
People
Retail & Auxiliaries Manager, Thelma Tuxen, retired after 27 years with the BSL. (Thelma's father-in-law, Saxil Tuxen, an engineer, surveyor and town planner, worked closely with Father Tucker in the development of the Carrum Downs Settlement. and as a member of the Hostel Committee. Tuxen Court at the Settlement commemorates his work. ) (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.24. Brotherhood Action Autumn 1993 p.5. See also, for example, BSL Quarterly Notes for the "Friends of the Brotherhood of S. Laurence", April 1937, No.21, inside front cover).
(See this link for the heritage study of the Settlement https://web.archive.org/web/20120505200534/https://www.frankston.vic.gov.au/fhs/stage2-vol-3/gk_tucker.htm )
The coordinator of the Linkages program in the Barwon region (April Ryan) was awarded the 1994 Vincent Fairfax Churchill Fellowship in the community services category for work in the area of aged care (Brotherhood Action Spring 1993 p.5).
The "new" Companions of St Laurence was launched in August as The Companions Care & Justice Network, an initiative of the BSL aimed at developing a just, caring and more equitable society. The launch began with a barbecue lunch on the street outside the Brotherhood in Fitzroy for local residents and Companions, followed by a ceremony and a presentation of perspectives on roles of social movements in Australia by David Scott, Stuart MacIntyre & Rhonda Galbally. Companions groups operated in the West, Eastern and Inner City regions as well as in country Victoria. Areas of activity included the Footscray Community Link Up Project, lobby/letter writing and support for homeless young people (Brotherhood Action Spring 1993 p.6; Brotherhood Action Summer 1994 p.5).
Bishop Oliver Heyward was appointed the new Chairman of the Brotherhood Board in November. Having retired as Bishop of Bendigo, he was appointed to the Board in 1990 (Brotherhood Action Summer 1994 p.1).
People with disabilities
Highlands Personnel, an employment placement and training service of the BSL in Ballarat was launched in May with 7 full time staff. This program for people with disabilities living in Ballarat and the Central Highlands Region was funded by the (then) Department of Health, Housing and Community Services (Brotherhood Action Spring 1993 p.3; BSL Annual Report 1993 p.9; Brotherhood Action Autumn 1994 p.2).
BSL auspiced the Coordinator of the federal Acquired Brain Damage Project, steering 16 funded projects arising from the Ministerial Implementation Committee on Head Injury (MICHI) for 12 months (1993-1994). The Coordinator, Lesley Dredge, later became Regional Manager of the Peninsula Region and then Director of Community Services. Metro_Vacancy_Coordinator_AcquiredBrainDamageProject_1993-9.pdf
The Coolibah Centre commenced a program for people over the age of 50 with intellectual disabilities (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.16).
The Kindergarten Integration Project auspiced by the Brotherhood was renamed the Pre-School Support Program and gained state-wide recognition as the model for integration support to pre-schools. The new directions developed by the project to support children with disabilities attending pre-school included directing support to the pre-school rather than to the individual child, combining consultancy and practical hands-on support, and a regionally coordinated approach. The Brotherhood continued to deliver this program in the Health & Community Services Department's Southern Region for several years before losing the tender (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.12).
The BSL auspiced the Community Access Project, supporting people with intellectual disability by introducing them to leisure activities within the community. Each individual was encouraged to choose which leisure pursuits they would like to become involved in, and project staff and volunteers then assisted and supported people to participate in their chosen areas. The project began with five intellectually disabled people who moved into a house on the G.K. Tucker Settlement at Carrum Downs (Brotherhood Action Autumn 1993 p.4).
Presentations & Publications
Address of the Executive Director to the BSL's Annual General Meeting Challen_to_AGM_1993.pdf
The work at St Laurence House, Geelong, was the subject of a video Bringing out the Best focusing on an innovative model of care (based on touch, feelings, emotions and music using the techniques of validation; reminiscence; whole brain massage and activities based on daily living skills) practised at St Laurence House which had proved effective in the care of people with dementia (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.14, BSL Annual Report 1994 p.17; Brotherhood Action Summer 1994 p.2 (no numbering). Jo Bell, "Bringing out the best" Melbourne, 1993, funded by the National Action Plan for Dementia Care - Film Victoria). Bringing_out_the_Best_Szulc-Obit.pdf
New Brotherhood 12-minute video Adding Justice to Care produced by Vixen Productions (July)
Research seminar Looking forward, looking back: The Brotherhood's role in changing views of poverty held to commemorate the Brotherhood’s 60 years in Victoria (5 June) (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.21; "Looking forward, looking back : the Brotherhood's role in changing views of poverty" 1993. Also 4 VHS videotapes: 1 - Alison McClelland, David Scott, Elaine Martin, beginning of Bishop Michael Challen; videotape 2 - Bishop Michael Challen; videotape 3 - Tricia Harper, Ian Manning, floor discussion; videotape 4 - Janet Patterson, David Scott, Elaine Martin, Bishop Michael Challen, David Scott (answering questions - Connie Benn, Peter Allen).) BSL_History_Seminar_1993-6-5.pdf
Series of Coolibah Debates were held, including Idealism is Good Economics (12 August)
The 12th G TSambell Oration: Work: An Aboriginal perspective was presented by Lillian Holt, Principal of the Aboriginal Community College, Adelaide, during Brotherhood Week which continued the celebrations of 60 years of the Brotherhood in Victoria.
The address at the 63rd Foundation Festival, 28 November at Christ Church South Yarra, was given by Sister Margaret Hill IBVM (a Loreto Sister working with inner-urban Koori & University communities) (Brotherhood Action Spring 1993 p.5)
Publications included
Young People
Young Women’s Project: Support for homeless young women concluded (From Family Services Focus Group Notes 2 Dec 1993: "Commitment ends December 1993").
Youth unemployment was the focus of a special submission to the Federal Government with Bishop Michael Challen and Alison McClelland attending the National Meeting on Youth Training and Unemployment held by the Federal Government. Held on 2 July 1992. (BSL Annual Report 1993 p.19) Submission_Senate_re_Youth_Unemployment_1992.pdf
Other
Following a consultation on the future of Avalon, the Avalon Community ceased operations on 30 September 1993 and was converted to a conference centre for community and school groups (Brotherhood Action Summer 1994 p.3). Avalon_1993-11-29_as_Conference_Centre.pdf Avalon_1994_Conference_Centre_Brochure.pdf
Administration of the Hollingworth Trust was transferred to Employment in the Community for Young People Inc in November 1993 (later known as WorkPlacement and subsequently as Key Solutions Inc) (Media Release, "Young Homeless Benefit from Agency Merger", released by "Employment in the Community for Young People" Monday 8 November 1993).
The Brotherhood presented the new Federal Government with four priorities for action in its term of office:
i. Full employment as the central economic goal
ii. Fairer sharing of sacrifice in the aftermath of the recession
iii. Responsibilities of national government in protecting & enhancing the lives of its citizens
iv. Policies which provide a fair chance for all Australians & avoid the entrenchment of privilege or poverty (Brotherhood Action Autumn 1993 p.2).
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